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Presets: Koebe · z/(1−z) · z·exp(z/2) · log(1+z) · arctan(z) · sin(z) · z+z² (not starlike)
Ma-Minda extremals: cardioid · lemniscate · ℘ cardioid · 3-leaf · 4-leaf · epi-3 · epi-6

Counterexamples found with this tool

Every row is a certified disproof a run like the one above produced: a point z on |z| = r where interval arithmetic guarantees Re(zf′/f) < 0, so f cannot be starlike there. A sound witness, not a sampled point.

These are computational non-membership facts, not refutations of any published theorem - most are special functions that are starlike only on a smaller sub-disk, or synthetic test cases. We record them as honest negative results.

Filtered to ₂F₁(a, b; c; z) — Gauss hypergeometric. Show all →
4Counterexample facts
FamilyClosed form / ParamsProperty Representative witness zRe(zf′/f) ≤ Proven rWitnesses
₂F₁(a, b; c; z) — Gauss hypergeometric
{'a': 1.0, 'b': 1.0, 'c': 2.0}
starlike 0.99*exp(i*0.261927) Re ≤ -0.3146 r ≤ 0.950
3 runs
  1. #38 · 0.99*exp(i*0.261927) · Re ≤ -0.3146 · r ≤ 0.950 · boundary_scan_polynomial
  2. #499 · 0.99*exp(i*6.023943) · Re ≤ -0.3164 · r ≤ 0.950 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  3. #971 · 0.9900*exp(i*-0.24435) · Re ≤ -0.2156 · r ≤ 0.950 · pointwise_starlike_iv
₂F₁(a, b; c; z) — Gauss hypergeometric
{'a': 1.0, 'b': 2.0, 'c': 3.0}
starlike 0.99*exp(i*0.266913) Re ≤ -1.0720 r ≤ 0.950
2 runs
  1. #501 · 0.99*exp(i*0.266913) · Re ≤ -1.0720 · r ≤ 0.950 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  2. #972 · 0.9900*exp(i*0.27925) · Re ≤ -1.0201 · r ≤ 0.950 · pointwise_starlike_iv
₂F₁(a, b; c; z) — Gauss hypergeometric
{'a': 1.0, 'b': 1.0, 'c': 1.5}
starlike 0.95*exp(i*6.004001) Re ≤ -1.0509 r ≤ 0.900
2 runs
  1. #502 · 0.95*exp(i*6.004001) · Re ≤ -1.0509 · r ≤ 0.900 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  2. #1128 · 0.9900*exp(i*0.27925) · Re ≤ -5.3808 · r ≤ 0.900 · pointwise_starlike_iv
₂F₁(a, b; c; z) — Gauss hypergeometric
{'a': 5.0, 'b': 5.0, 'c': 15.0}
starlike 0.9*exp(i*2.988195) Re ≤ -0.3101 r ≤ 0.800
2 runs
  1. #500 · 0.9*exp(i*2.988195) · Re ≤ -0.3101 · r ≤ 0.800 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  2. #970 · 0.9900*exp(i*3.00197) · Re ≤ -2.7723 · r ≤ 0.800 · pointwise_starlike_iv
How to read a witness
z = r·exp(i·θ) is a point on the boundary circle of radius r in the unit disk. The verifier bounds Re(zf′(z)/f(z)) over a small arc around z with mpmath interval arithmetic; the upper bound shown is strictly negative, so Re(zf′/f) < 0 on the whole arc - f cannot be starlike on a disk containing z. Proven, not approximated.  Programmatic access: GET /api/v2/counterexamples
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