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Presets: Koebe · z/(1−z) · z·exp(z/2) · log(1+z) · arctan(z) · sin(z) · z+z² (not starlike)
Ma-Minda extremals: cardioid · lemniscate · ℘ cardioid · 3-leaf · 4-leaf · epi-3 · epi-6

Counterexamples found with this tool

Every row is a certified disproof a run like the one above produced: a point z on |z| = r where interval arithmetic guarantees Re(zf′/f) < 0, so f cannot be starlike there. A sound witness, not a sampled point.

These are computational non-membership facts, not refutations of any published theorem - most are special functions that are starlike only on a smaller sub-disk, or synthetic test cases. We record them as honest negative results.

Filtered to z cos(z). Show all →
3Counterexample facts
FamilyClosed form / ParamsProperty Representative witness zRe(zf′/f) ≤ Proven rWitnesses
z cos(z)
z*cos(z)
starlike 0.9*exp(i*0.024544) Re ≤ -0.1305 r ≤ 0.800
4 runs
  1. #125 · 0.9*exp(i*0.024544) · Re ≤ -0.1305 · r ≤ 0.800 · boundary_scan_closed_form
  2. #800 · 0.9*exp(i*0.024544) · Re ≤ -0.1305 · r ≤ 0.800 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  3. #825 · 0.9*exp(i*0.024544) · Re ≤ -0.1305 · r ≤ 0.800 · boundary_scan_closed_form_v31
  4. #1004 · 0.9900*exp(i*0.00000) · Re ≤ -0.5084 · r ≤ 0.800 · pointwise_starlike_iv
z cos(z)
z*cos(z)
nehari_univalent 0.8636*exp(i*0.00000) ≥ 9014.3537 (threshold 2) r ≤ - 1
z cos(z)
z*cos(z)
becker_univalent 0.8636*exp(i*0.00000) ≥ 77.5740 (threshold 1) r ≤ - 1
How to read a witness
z = r·exp(i·θ) is a point on the boundary circle of radius r in the unit disk. The verifier bounds Re(zf′(z)/f(z)) over a small arc around z with mpmath interval arithmetic; the upper bound shown is strictly negative, so Re(zf′/f) < 0 on the whole arc - f cannot be starlike on a disk containing z. Proven, not approximated.  Programmatic access: GET /api/v2/counterexamples
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