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Presets: Koebe · z/(1−z) · z·exp(z/2) · log(1+z) · arctan(z) · sin(z) · z+z² (not starlike)
Ma-Minda extremals: cardioid · lemniscate · ℘ cardioid · 3-leaf · 4-leaf · epi-3 · epi-6

Counterexamples found with this tool

Every row is a certified disproof a run like the one above produced: a point z on |z| = r where interval arithmetic guarantees Re(zf′/f) < 0, so f cannot be starlike there. A sound witness, not a sampled point.

These are computational non-membership facts, not refutations of any published theorem - most are special functions that are starlike only on a smaller sub-disk, or synthetic test cases. We record them as honest negative results.

Filtered to Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α). Show all →
16Counterexample facts
FamilyClosed form / ParamsProperty Representative witness zRe(zf′/f) ≤ Proven rWitnesses
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.1}
starlike 0.99*exp(i*0.241218) Re ≤ -0.1215 r ≤ 0.950
3 runs
  1. #315 · 0.99*exp(i*0.241218) · Re ≤ -0.1215 · r ≤ 0.950 · boundary_scan_polynomial
  2. #535 · 0.99*exp(i*6.04235) · Re ≤ -0.1218 · r ≤ 0.950 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  3. #1078 · 0.9900*exp(i*-0.24435) · Re ≤ -0.1167 · r ≤ 0.950 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.25}
starlike 0.95*exp(i*6.00937) Re ≤ -0.7356 r ≤ 0.900
3 runs
  1. #316 · 0.95*exp(i*6.00937) · Re ≤ -0.7356 · r ≤ 0.900 · boundary_scan_polynomial
  2. #536 · 0.95*exp(i*0.266913) · Re ≤ -0.7458 · r ≤ 0.900 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  3. #1079 · 0.9900*exp(i*-0.27925) · Re ≤ -3.7690 · r ≤ 0.900 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.5}
starlike 0.95*exp(i*0.266913) Re ≤ -0.7458 r ≤ 0.900
2 runs
  1. #532 · 0.95*exp(i*0.266913) · Re ≤ -0.7458 · r ≤ 0.900 · boundary_scan_centered_v31
  2. #977 · 0.9900*exp(i*-0.27925) · Re ≤ -3.7690 · r ≤ 0.900 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 1.5}
starlike 0.6*exp(i*2.847068) Re ≤ -0.1173 r ≤ -
2 runs
  1. #49 · 0.6*exp(i*2.847068) · Re ≤ -0.1173 · boundary_scan_closed_form
  2. #978 · 0.9189*exp(i*-1.22173) · Re ≤ -107.0447 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 2.5}
starlike 0.3*exp(i*2.945243) Re ≤ -0.1446 r ≤ -
2 runs
  1. #50 · 0.3*exp(i*2.945243) · Re ≤ -0.1446 · boundary_scan_closed_form
  2. #979 · 0.8399*exp(i*0.66323) · Re ≤ -244.5972 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 2.25}
starlike 0.3*exp(i*3.203719) Re ≤ -0.0376 r ≤ -
2 runs
  1. #326 · 0.3*exp(i*3.203719) · Re ≤ -0.0376 · boundary_scan_polynomial
  2. #1089 · 0.7609*exp(i*-0.41888) · Re ≤ -1176.6542 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 3.0}
starlike 0.3*exp(i*3.005835) Re ≤ -0.3794 r ≤ -
2 runs
  1. #327 · 0.3*exp(i*3.005835) · Re ≤ -0.3794 · boundary_scan_polynomial
  2. #1090 · 0.5318*exp(i*-3.00197) · Re ≤ -168.8988 · pointwise_starlike_iv
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.4}
starlike 0.9900*exp(i*0.27925) Re ≤ -17.8377 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.6}
starlike 0.9663*exp(i*-0.90757) Re ≤ -383.7491 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.75}
starlike 0.9189*exp(i*-1.22173) Re ≤ -107.0447 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 0.9}
starlike 0.8715*exp(i*1.81514) Re ≤ -182.2540 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 1.0}
starlike 0.8399*exp(i*-2.40855) Re ≤ -388.8166 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 1.1}
starlike 0.8162*exp(i*2.40855) Re ≤ -117.0306 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 1.25}
starlike 0.8399*exp(i*0.66323) Re ≤ -244.5972 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 1.75}
starlike 0.7688*exp(i*0.69813) Re ≤ -261.5592 r ≤ - 1
Koebe Kα: z/(1-z)^(2α)
z/(1-z)^(2*alpha)
{'alpha': 2.0}
starlike 0.6898*exp(i*1.29154) Re ≤ -244.5257 r ≤ - 1
How to read a witness
z = r·exp(i·θ) is a point on the boundary circle of radius r in the unit disk. The verifier bounds Re(zf′(z)/f(z)) over a small arc around z with mpmath interval arithmetic; the upper bound shown is strictly negative, so Re(zf′/f) < 0 on the whole arc - f cannot be starlike on a disk containing z. Proven, not approximated.  Programmatic access: GET /api/v2/counterexamples
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