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This function is certified starlike - the sharp, proven-exact coefficient bounds for the starlike class apply to it. See the certified proofs →
Canonical Key
z/(1-z)**2
Closed Form
f(z) = z/(1-z)^2
Coefficient Formula
a_n = n

Image domain \(f(\mathbb{D})\)

The image of the unit disk under \(f\): concentric circles \(|z|=r\) and radial spokes mapped through \(f(z)=z+a_2z^2+\dots\); the bold curve is the boundary \(f(e^{i\theta})\). Rendered in your browser from the certified Taylor coefficients - nothing is computed server-side.

Taylor series
r* ≈ 0.999
Radius of starlikeness r* ≈ 0.9990
proven f is starlike on |z| < r*; the colored disk shows the certified region.

Unit disk explorer - hover to evaluate

Hover over the disk

Related

Univalence Criteria

Schwarzian norm ||S(f)||
6.003
✗ exceeds Nehari bound 2
Pre-Schwarzian norm ||T(f)||
5.980
✗ exceeds Becker bound 1

Facts (8)

Property Kind Params Holds Value / r Status Confidence
B membership {} 5.9800 ✗ disproven rigorous_verified
K membership {} -24.4694 unscreened -
N membership {} 6.0028 ✗ disproven rigorous_verified
||T(f)|| bound {} 5.9800 ✓ proven rigorous_verified
r* radius {} - r ≤ 0.960 🔬 screened numerical_strong
||S(f)|| bound {} 6.0028 ✓ proven rigorous_verified
S* membership {} r ≤ 0.999 ✓ proven rigorous_verified
S membership {} - unscreened -

Transitively Implied Properties

Because starlikeness is proven, these properties follow by classical implications (unconditional edges in the lattice):

S C

Verification Runs (5)

Verifier Property Direction Outcome Domain r Witness Engine
boundary_scan_closed_form_v31 starlike proves pass 0.999 - boundary_v3.1
pointwise_nehari_univalent_iv nehari_univalent disproves pass 0.753 [0.20756187777110346, -0.7238542905296869] gft-0.1.0-reaudit-20260610
pointwise_becker_univalent_iv becker_univalent disproves pass 0.753 [0.20756187777110346, -0.7238542905296869] gft-0.1.0-reaudit-20260610
boundary_scan_centered_v31 starlike disproves pass 0.000 - boundary_v3.1
boundary_scan_closed_form starlike proves pass 0.999 - boundary_v3.0

Instances (1)

{}
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