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Canonical Key
z*(3*z+1)
Closed Form
f(z) = z + 3*z**2

Image domain \(f(\mathbb{D})\)

The image of the unit disk under \(f\): concentric circles \(|z|=r\) and radial spokes mapped through \(f(z)=z+a_2z^2+\dots\); the bold curve is the boundary \(f(e^{i\theta})\). Rendered in your browser from the certified Taylor coefficients - nothing is computed server-side.

Taylor series
r* ≈ 0.000
Radius of starlikeness r* ≈ 0.0000
disproven f is starlike on |z| < r*; the colored disk shows the certified region.

Unit disk explorer - hover to evaluate

Hover over the disk

Related

Univalence Criteria

Schwarzian norm ||S(f)||
5.704
✗ exceeds Nehari bound 2
Pre-Schwarzian norm ||T(f)||
1.950
✗ exceeds Becker bound 1

Facts (5)

Property Kind Params Holds Value / r Status Confidence
B membership {} 1.9500 ✗ disproven rigorous_verified
N membership {} 5.7038 ✗ disproven rigorous_verified
||T(f)|| bound {} 1.9500 ✓ proven rigorous_verified
||S(f)|| bound {} 5.7038 ✓ proven rigorous_verified
S* membership {} r ≤ 0.000 ✗ disproven proven

Verification Runs (6)

Verifier Property Direction Outcome Domain r Witness Engine
boundary_scan_closed_form_v31 starlike disproves pass 0.000 0.3*exp(i*3.043418) boundary_v3.1
pointwise_nehari_univalent_iv nehari_univalent disproves pass 0.168 [-0.16848739495798318, 2.0633754893197e-17] gft-0.1.0-reaudit-20260610
pointwise_becker_univalent_iv becker_univalent disproves pass 0.168 [-0.16848739495798318, 2.0633754893197e-17] gft-0.1.0-reaudit-20260610
pointwise_starlike_iv starlike disproves pass 0.326 [-0.32647058823529407, 3.9981116089810645e-17] gft-0.1.0-reaudit-20260610
boundary_scan_centered_v31 starlike disproves pass 0.000 - boundary_v3.1
boundary_scan_closed_form starlike disproves pass 0.000 0.3*exp(i*3.043418) boundary_v3.0

Instances (1)

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