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Abstract
In this paper, we determine the sharp estimates for Toeplitz determinants of a subclass of close-to-convex harmonic mappings. Moreover, we obtain an improved version of Bohr's inequalities for a subclass of close-to-convex harmonic mappings, whose analytic parts are Ma-Minda convex functions.
Results & Lemmas (16)
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Lemma 2.1
Lemma 2.1. ([23, p. 41]) For a function of the form (1.2), the sharp inequality holds for each. Equality holds for the function
Lemma 2.1. ([23, p. 41]) For a function $p \in \mathcal{P}$ of the form (1.2), the sharp inequality $|p_n| \leq 2$ holds for each $n \geq 1$ . Equality holds for the function
$$p(z) = \frac{1+z}{1-z}.$$
Lemma 2.2
Lemma 2.2. ([24, Theorem 1]) Let be of the form (1.2) and. Then If, then the inequality is sharp for the function or its rotations. If,…
Lemma 2.2. ([24, Theorem 1]) Let $p \in \mathcal{P}$ be of the form (1.2) and $\mu \in \mathbb{C}$ . Then
$$|p_n - \mu p_k p_{n-k}| \le 2 \max\{1, |2\mu - 1|\} \quad (1 \le k \le n - 1).$$
If $|2\mu - 1| \ge 1$ , then the inequality is sharp for the function
$$p(z) = \frac{1+z}{1-z}$$
or its rotations. If $|2\mu - 1| < 1$ , then the inequality is sharp for
$$p(z) = \frac{1+z^n}{1-z^n}$$
or its rotations.
Lemma 2.3
Lemma 2.3. ([ ](#page-16-1)) Let f = h + g ∈ M(α, ζ, n). Then the coefficients a<sup>k</sup> (k ∈ N 1 ) of h satisfy Moreover, the…
Lemma 2.3. ([\[56\]](#page-16-1)) Let f = h + g ∈ M(α, ζ, n). Then the coefficients a<sup>k</sup> (k ∈ N \ {1}) of h satisfy
$$|a_k| \le \frac{1}{k!} \prod_{j=2}^k (j - 2\alpha) \ (k \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}). \tag{2.1}$$
Moreover, the coefficients b<sup>k</sup> (k = n + 1, n + 2, · · · ; n ∈ N) of g satisfy
$$|b_{n+1}| \le \frac{|\zeta|}{n+1}$$
and $|b_{k+n}| \le \frac{|\zeta|}{(k+n)(k-1)!} \prod_{j=2}^{k} (j-2\alpha) \ (k \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}; \ n \in \mathbb{N}).$ (2.2)
The bounds are sharp for the extremal function given by
$$f(z) = \int_0^z \frac{dt}{(1 - \delta t)^{2 - 2\alpha}} + \overline{\int_0^z \frac{\zeta t^n}{(1 - \delta t)^{2 - 2\alpha}} dt} \quad (|\delta| = 1; z \in \mathbb{D}).$$
(2.3)
Lemma 2.4 · radius
Lemma 2.4. ([ ](#page-16-1)) Let f ∈ M(α, ζ, n) with 0 ≤ α < 1 and 0 ≤ ζ < <sup>1</sup> 2n−1 (n ∈ N). Then where and All these bounds are…
Lemma 2.4. ([\[56\]](#page-16-1)) Let f ∈ M(α, ζ, n) with 0 ≤ α < 1 and 0 ≤ ζ < <sup>1</sup> 2n−1 (n ∈ N). Then
$$\Phi(r; \alpha, \zeta, n) \le |f(z)| \le \Psi(r; \alpha, \zeta, n) \quad (r = |z| < 1), \tag{2.4}$$
where
$$\Phi(r;\alpha,\zeta,n) = \begin{cases} \log(1+r) - \frac{\zeta r^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(1,\,n+1;\,n+2;\,-r)}{n+1} & (\alpha=1/2), \\ \frac{(1+r)^{2\alpha-1} - 1}{2\alpha-1} - \frac{\zeta r^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(n+1,\,2-2\alpha;\,n+2;\,-r)}{n+1} & (\alpha\neq1/2), \end{cases}$$
and
$$\Psi(r;\alpha,\zeta,n) = \begin{cases} -\log(1-r) + \frac{\zeta r^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(1, n+1; n+2; r)}{n+1} & (\alpha = 1/2), \\ \frac{1 - (1-r)^{2\alpha-1}}{2\alpha - 1} + \frac{\zeta r^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(n+1, 2-2\alpha; n+2; r)}{n+1} & (\alpha \neq 1/2). \end{cases}$$
All these bounds are sharp, the extremal function is fα,ζ,n = h<sup>α</sup> + gα,ζ,n or its rotations, where
$$f_{\alpha,\zeta,n}(z) = \begin{cases} -\log(1-z) + \frac{\overline{\zeta z^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(1, n+1; n+2; z)}}{n+1} & (\alpha = 1/2), \\ \frac{1 - (1-z)^{2\alpha-1}}{2\alpha - 1} + \frac{\overline{\zeta z^{n+1} {}_{2}F_{1}(n+1, 2-2\alpha; n+2; z)}}{n+1} & (\alpha \neq 1/2). \end{cases}$$
$$(2.5)$$
The following two results are due to Ma and Minda [\[42\]](#page-15-3).
Lemma 2.5
Lemma 2.5. Let f ∈ C(φ). Then zf00(z)/f<sup>0</sup> (z) ≺ zK00(z)/K<sup>0</sup> (z) and f 0 (z) ≺ K<sup>0</sup> (z), where K is given by […
Lemma 2.5. Let f ∈ C(φ). Then zf00(z)/f<sup>0</sup> (z) ≺ zK00(z)/K<sup>0</sup> (z) and f 0 (z) ≺ K<sup>0</sup> (z), where K is given by [\(1.4\)](#page-1-1).
Lemma 2.6
Lemma 2.6. Assume that f ∈ C(φ) and |z| = r < 1. Then (2.6) where K is given by [ ](#page-1-1). Equality holds for some z 6= 0 if and only…
Lemma 2.6. Assume that f ∈ C(φ) and |z| = r < 1. Then
$$K'(-r) \le |f'(z)| \le K'(r),$$
(2.6)
where K is given by [\(1.4\)](#page-1-1). Equality holds for some z 6= 0 if and only if f is a rotation of K.
Lemma 2.7 · coeff
Lemma 2.7. ([13]) Let and be two analytic functions in and. Then for. Remark 2.1. Lemma 2.7 continues to hold for quasi-subordination (cf.…
Lemma 2.7. ([13]) Let $f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n z^n$ and $g(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} b_n z^n$ be two analytic functions in $\mathbb{D}$ and $g \prec f$ . Then
$$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} |b_n| r^n \le \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} |a_n| r^n \tag{2.7}$$
for $|z| = r \le 1/3$ .
Remark 2.1. Lemma 2.7 continues to hold for quasi-subordination (cf. [5]). Moreover, the bound 1/3 is optimal as shown by [48, Lemma 1].
Theorem 3.1
Theorem 3.1. Let. Then and (3.2) The inequalities in (3.1) and (3.2) are sharp for the extremal function given by (2.3).
Theorem 3.1. Let $f \in \mathcal{M}(\alpha, \zeta, n)$ . Then
$$|T_2(n)[h]| \le \left(\frac{1}{n!} \prod_{j=2}^n (j-2\alpha)\right)^2 + \left(\frac{1}{(n+1)!} \prod_{j=2}^{n+1} (j-2\alpha)\right)^2 \quad (n \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}), \quad (3.1)$$
and
$$|T_2(n)[g]| \le \frac{1}{[(2n-1)(n+1)]^2}.$$
(3.2)
The inequalities in (3.1) and (3.2) are sharp for the extremal function given by (2.3).
Corollary 3.1
Corollary 3.1. Let. Then (3.5) and The inequalities in (3.5) and (3.6) are sharp for the extremal function given by (2.3) with n = 2.
Corollary 3.1. Let $f \in \mathcal{M}(\alpha, \zeta, 2)$ . Then
$$|T_2(2)[h]| \le \frac{2}{9}(1-\alpha)^2(2\alpha^2 - 6\alpha + 9),$$
(3.5)
and
$$|T_2(2)[g]| \le \frac{1}{81}. (3.6)$$
The inequalities in (3.5) and (3.6) are sharp for the extremal function given by (2.3) with n = 2.
Theorem 3.2
Theorem 3.2. Let. Then (3.7) and (3.8) The inequality in (3.7) is sharp for the function h given by (3.4), and the inequality in (3.8) is…
Theorem 3.2. Let $f \in \mathcal{M}(\alpha, \zeta, 1)$ . Then
$$|T_3(1)[h]| \le \begin{cases} \frac{1}{9} \left( 8\alpha^4 - 34\alpha^3 + 71\alpha^2 - 72\alpha + 36 \right) & \left( -\frac{1}{2} \le \alpha \le \frac{1}{2} \right), \\ \frac{1}{9} \left( -2\alpha^3 + 25\alpha^2 - 44\alpha + 30 \right) & \left( \frac{1}{2} \le \alpha < 1 \right), \end{cases}$$
(3.7)
and
$$|T_3(1)[g]| \le \frac{1}{3}(1-\alpha).$$
(3.8)
The inequality in (3.7) is sharp for the function h given by (3.4), and the inequality in (3.8) is sharp for the function g defined by
$$g(z) = \int_0^z \frac{\zeta t}{(1 - \delta t)^{2 - 2\alpha}} dt \quad (|\delta| = 1; |\zeta| \le 1; z \in \mathbb{D}).$$
(3.9)
Theorem 3.3
Theorem 3.3. Let. Then (3.16) and (3.17) The inequality in (3.16) is sharp for the function h given by (3.4), and the inequality in (3.17)…
Theorem 3.3. Let $f \in \mathcal{M}(\alpha, \zeta, 2)$ . Then
$$|T_3(2)[h]| \le \begin{cases} \frac{1}{108} \left(1 - \alpha\right)^3 (2\alpha^2 - 7\alpha + 12)(10\alpha^2 - 27\alpha + 36\right) & \left(-\frac{1}{2} \le \alpha \le \frac{1}{7}\right), \\ \frac{5}{108} \left(1 - \alpha\right)^3 (2\alpha^2 - 7\alpha + 12)(2\alpha^2 - 4\alpha + 7) & \left(\frac{1}{7} \le \alpha < 1\right), \end{cases}$$
(3.16)
and
$$|T_3(2)[g]| = |2b_3^2b_4| \le \frac{1}{243}(1-\alpha).$$
(3.17)
The inequality in (3.16) is sharp for the function h given by (3.4), and the inequality in (3.17) is sharp for the function g defined by
$$g(z) = \int_0^z \frac{\zeta t^2}{(1 - \delta t)^{2 - 2\alpha}} dt \quad \left( |\delta| = 1; \, |\zeta| \le \frac{1}{3}; \, z \in \mathbb{D} \right). \tag{3.18}$$
•
Proposition 4.1
Proposition 4.1. Let. Then where and (4.3) The bounds are sharp for the extremal function with, where K satisfies (1.4) or its rotations…
Proposition 4.1. Let $f \in \mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ . Then
$$L(\zeta, n, r) \le |f(z)| \le R(\zeta, n, r), \tag{4.1}$$
where
$$L(\zeta, n, r) = -K(-r) - |\zeta| \int_0^r t^n K'(-t) dt, \tag{4.2}$$
and
$$R(\zeta, n, r) = K(r) + |\zeta| \int_{0}^{r} t^{n} K'(t) dt.$$
(4.3)
The bounds are sharp for the extremal function $f_{\zeta} = h_{\zeta} + \overline{g_{\zeta}}$ with $h_{\zeta} = K$ , where K satisfies (1.4) or its rotations and $g_{\zeta}$ satisfies $g'_{\zeta} = \zeta z^n h'_{\zeta}$ .
Proposition 4.2
Proposition 4.2. Let and be the area of the image ( ). Then
Proposition 4.2. Let $f \in \mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ and $S_r$ be the area of the image $f(\mathbb{D}_r)$ ( $\mathbb{D}_r := \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| < r \leq 1\}$ ). Then
$$2\pi \int_0^r t \left(1 - |\zeta|^2 t^{2n}\right) (K'(-t))^2 dt \le S_r \le 2\pi \int_0^r t \left(1 - |\zeta|^2 t^{2n}\right) (K'(t))^2 dt. \tag{4.10}$$
Theorem 4.1 · radius
Theorem 4.1. Let f ∈ HCn(φ). Then the majorant series of f satisfies the inequality (4.13) for |z| = r ≤ min 1/3, r<sup>f</sup>, where…
Theorem 4.1. Let f ∈ HCn(φ). Then the majorant series of f satisfies the inequality
$$|z| + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)|z|^n \le d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D}))$$
(4.13)
for |z| = r ≤ min{1/3, r<sup>f</sup> }, where r<sup>f</sup> is the smallest positive root in (0, 1) of
$$L(\zeta, n, 1) = M_K(r) + |\zeta| \int_0^r t^n M_{K'}(t) dt,$$
and L(ζ, n, 1) is given by [\(4.2\)](#page-7-3) with r = 1.
Proof. Let f = h + g ∈ HCn(φ). Since h ∈ C(φ), from Lemma [2.5,](#page-3-4) we know that
$$h' \prec K'. \tag{4.14}$$
Let K(z) = z + P∞ n=2 knz n . In view of Lemma [2.7](#page-4-0) and [\(4.14\)](#page-9-0), we have
$$1 + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} n|a_n|r^{n-1} = M_{h'}(r) \le M_{K'}(r) = 1 + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} n|k_n|r^{n-1}$$
(4.15)
for |z| = r ≤ 1/3. By integrating [\(4.15\)](#page-9-1) with respect to r from 0 to r, we get
$$M_h(r) = r + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} |a_n| r^n \le r + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} |k_n| r^n = M_K(r) \quad (r \le 1/3).$$
(4.16)
From the definition of HCn(φ), we know that
$$g'(z) = \zeta z^n h'(z).$$
This relationship along with [\(4.15\)](#page-9-1) yields
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} n|b_n|r^{n-1} = M_{g'}(r) = |\zeta|r^n M_{h'}(r) \le |\zeta|r^n M_{K'}(r) \quad (r \le 1/3). \tag{4.17}$$
By integrating [\(4.17\)](#page-9-2) with respect to r from 0 to r, it follows that
$$M_g(r) = \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} |b_n| r^n \le |\zeta| \int_0^r t^n M_{K'}(t) dt \quad (r \le 1/3).$$
(4.18)
Therefore, for |z| = r ≤ 1/3, from [\(4.16\)](#page-9-3) and [\(4.18\)](#page-9-4), we obtain
$$M_f(r) = |z| + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)r^n \le M_K(r) + |\zeta| \int_0^r t^n M_{K'}(t)dt = R_{\mathcal{C}}(n, r).$$
(4.19)
In view of [\(4.1\)](#page-7-4), it is evident that the Euclidean distance between f(0) and the boundary of f(D) is given by
$$d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D})) = \liminf_{|z| \to 1} |f(z) - f(0)| \ge L(\zeta, n, 1). \tag{4.20}$$
We note that RC(n, r) ≤ L(ζ, n, 1) whenever r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> , where r<sup>f</sup> is the smallest positive root of RC(n, r) = L(ζ, n, 1) in (0, 1). Let
$$H_1(n,r) = R_{\mathcal{C}}(n,r) - L(\zeta,n,1).$$
Then H1(n, r) is a continuous function in [0, 1]. Since
$$M_K(r) \ge K(r) > -K(-r),$$
it follows that
$$H_{1}(n,1) = R_{\mathcal{C}}(n,1) - L(\zeta, n, 1)$$
$$= M_{K}(1) + K(-1) + |\zeta| \int_{0}^{r} t^{n} \left( M_{K'}(t) + K'(t) \right) dt$$
$$\geq K(1) + K(-1) + |\zeta| \int_{0}^{r} t^{n} \left( M_{K'}(t) + K'(t) \right) dt > 0.$$
(4.21)
On the other hand,
$$H_1(n,0) = -L(\zeta, n, 1) = K(-1)(1 - |\zeta|) + n|\zeta| \int_0^1 t^{n-1} K(-t) dt < 0.$$
(4.22)
Therefore, H<sup>1</sup> has a root in (0, 1). Let r<sup>f</sup> be the smallest root of H<sup>1</sup> in (0, 1). Then RC(n, r) ≤ L(ζ, n, 1) for r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> . Now, in view of the inequalities [\(4.19\)](#page-9-5) and [\(4.20\)](#page-9-6) with the relationship RC(n, r) ≤ L(ζ, n, 1) for r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> , we obtain
$$|z| + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)r^n \le d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D}))$$
for
$$|z| = r \le \min\{1/3, r_f\}.$$
For a particular choice of φ in Theorem [4.1,](#page-9-7) we get the following result.
Corollary 4.1 · radius
Corollary 4.1. Let f ∈ M(α, ζ, n) with 0 ≤ α < 1 and 0 ≤ ζ < 1/(2n − 1). Then the inequality [ ](#page-9-8) holds for |z| = r ≤…
Corollary 4.1. Let f ∈ M(α, ζ, n) with 0 ≤ α < 1 and 0 ≤ ζ < 1/(2n − 1). Then the inequality [\(4.13\)](#page-9-8) holds for |z| = r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> , where r<sup>f</sup> is the smallest root in (0, 1) of
$$F_n(r) := R(\alpha, \zeta, n, r) - L(\alpha, \zeta, n, 1) = 0.$$
The radius r<sup>f</sup> is sharp.
Proof. From Lemma [2.4,](#page-3-5) the Euclidean distance between f(0) and the boundary of f(D) shows that
$$d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D})) = \liminf_{|z| \to 1} |f(z) - f(0)| \ge L(\alpha, \zeta, n, 1).$$
(4.23)
We note that r<sup>f</sup> is the root of the equation R(α, ζ, n, r) = L(α, ζ, n, 1) in (0, 1). The existence of the root is ensured by the relation R(α, ζ, n, 1) > L(α, ζ, n, 1) with [\(2.4\)](#page-3-6). For 0 < r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> , it is evident that R(α, ζ, n, r) ≤ L(α, ζ, n, 1). In view of Lemma [2.3](#page-3-1) and [\(4.23\)](#page-10-0), for |z| = r ≤ r<sup>f</sup> , we have
$$|z| + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)|z|^n \le r_f + (|a_2| + |b_2|)r_f^2 + \sum_{n=3}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)r_f^n$$
$$= R(\alpha, \zeta, n, r_f) \le L(\alpha, \zeta, n, 1) \le d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D})).$$
To show the sharpness of the radius r<sup>f</sup> , we consider the function f = fα,ζ,n, which is defined in Lemma [2.4.](#page-3-5) We see that fα,ζ,n belongs to M(α, ζ, n). Since the left side of the growth inequality in Lemma [2.4](#page-3-5) holds for f = fα,ζ,n or its rotations, we have d(f(0), ∂f(D)) = L(α, ζ, n, 1). Therefore, the function f = fα,ζ,n for |z| = r<sup>f</sup> gives
$$|z| + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)|z|^n = r_f + (|a_2| + |b_2|)r_f^2 + \sum_{n=3}^{\infty} (|a_n| + |b_n|)r_f^n$$
$$= R(\alpha, \zeta, n, r_f) = L(\alpha, \zeta, n, 1) = d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D})),$$
which reveals that the radius r<sup>f</sup> is the best possible.
The roots $r_f$ of $F_n(r) = 0$ for different values of $\alpha$ , $\zeta$ and n have been shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Figure 2, respectively.

FIGURE 2. The graphs of $F_n(r)$ , respectively, for $\alpha = 0.5$ and $\alpha = 0.9$ when n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
| 1 | n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
|---|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| ( | ٠<br>• | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/6 | 1/8 | 1/10 | 1/20 | 1/200 | 1/2000 |
| 1 | $r_f$ | 0.386555 | 0.468176 | 0.486196 | 0.492459 | 0.495252 | 0.498809 | 0.499988 | 0.500000 |
Table 1. The roots $r_f$ of $F_n(r) = 0$ for different values of $\zeta$ when $\alpha = 0.5$ .
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
|-------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| ζ | 1/2 | 1/4 | 1/6 | 1/8 | 1/10 | 1/20 | 1/200 | 1/2000 |
| $r_f$ | 0.567721 | 0.731273 | 0.774894 | 0.792253 | 0.800709 | 0.812036 | 0.815292 | 0.815323 |
Table 2. The roots $r_f$ of $F_n(r) = 0$ for different values of $\zeta$ when $\alpha = 0.9$ .
Remark 4.1. For n=1 and $|\zeta| \leq 1$ , $r_f$ can be found in [9]. For $\alpha=0.5$ , when $n\to\infty$ , the sharp radius is 0.500000. For $\alpha=0.9$ , when $n\to\infty$ , the sharp radius is 0.815323. For n=1, when $\alpha\to 1$ , the sharp radius is 0.645751.
Now, we give an improved version of Bohr inequality for the class $\mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ . By adding area quantity $S_r/(2\pi)$ with the majorant series of $f \in \mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ , the sum is still less than $d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D}))$ for some radius $r \leq \min\{1/3, \widetilde{r}_f\} < 1$ .
Note that the additional term such as $S_r/(2\pi)$ to the majorant sum was first mooted by Kayumov and Ponnusamy [31] to refine and improve the Bohr inequality. This variation of Bohr inequality was proved for harmonic mappings in [25]. Subsequently, several extensions were made by many authors (cf. [39]).
Theorem 4.2 · radius
Theorem 4.2. Let and be the area of the image. Then the inequality holds for, where is the smallest positive root in (0,1) of and is given…
Theorem 4.2. Let $f \in \mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ and $S_r$ be the area of the image $f(\mathbb{D}_r)$ . Then the inequality
$$M_f(r) + \frac{S_r}{2\pi} \le d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D}))$$
holds for $|z| = r \leq \min\{1/3, \widetilde{r}_f\}$ , where $\widetilde{r}_f$ is the smallest positive root in (0,1) of
$$L(\zeta, n, 1) = M_K(r) + |\zeta| \int_0^r t^n M_{K'}(t) dt + \int_0^r t \left(1 - |\zeta|^2 t^{2n}\right) (K'(t))^2 dt,$$
and $L(\zeta, n, 1)$ is given by (4.2) with r = 1.
Definitions (3)
Def 1.1
Definition 1.1. A harmonic mapping f = h+g ∈ H is said to be in the class M(α, ζ, n) if h ∈ K(α), for some α ∈ [−1/2, 1), given by […
Definition 1.1. A harmonic mapping f = h+g ∈ H is said to be in the class M(α, ζ, n) if h ∈ K(α), for some α ∈ [−1/2, 1), given by [\(1.3\)](#page-0-0) and g satisfies the condition
$$g'(z) = \zeta z^n h'(z) \quad \left(\zeta \in \mathbb{C} \text{ with } |\zeta| \le \frac{1}{2n-1}; n \in \mathbb{N} := \{1, 2, 3, \dots\}\right). \tag{1.5}$$
For n = 1, α = −1/2 and |ζ| = 1, the class M(−1/2, ζ, 1) was introduced by Bharanedhar and Ponnusamy [\[12\]](#page-13-0). For n = 1, the class M(α, ζ, 1) was studied in [\[9,](#page-13-1) [52\]](#page-15-6).
In 2020, Allu and Halder [\[9\]](#page-13-1) introduced and investigated the following subclass HC(φ) of close-to-convex harmonic mappings.
Def 1.2
Definition 1.2. For ζ ∈ C with |ζ| ≤ 1, let HC(φ) denote the class of harmonic mappings f = h + g in D of the form [ ](#page-0-1), whose…
Definition 1.2. For ζ ∈ C with |ζ| ≤ 1, let HC(φ) denote the class of harmonic mappings f = h + g in D of the form [\(1.1\)](#page-0-1), whose analytic part h belongs to C(φ) and h 0 (0) 6= 0, along with the condition g 0 (z) = ζzh<sup>0</sup> (z).
Motivated essentially by the classes M(α, ζ, n) and HC(φ), we define a new subclass HCn(φ) of close-to-convex harmonic mappings as follows:
Def 1.3
Definition 1.3. A harmonic mapping f = h + g ∈ H is said to be in the class HCn(φ) if h ∈ C(φ) and g satisfies the condition […
Definition 1.3. A harmonic mapping f = h + g ∈ H is said to be in the class HCn(φ) if h ∈ C(φ) and g satisfies the condition [\(1.5\)](#page-1-0).
In 2019, Sun et al. [\[51\]](#page-15-7) investigated upper bounds of the third Hankel determinants for the class M(α, 1, 1) of close-to-convex harmonic mappings. In recent years, the Toeplitz determinants and Hankel determinants of functions in the class S or its subclasses have attracted many researchers' attention (see [\[11,](#page-13-2) [17,](#page-13-3) [19,](#page-14-3) [20,](#page-14-4) [28,](#page-14-5) [29,](#page-14-6) [33–](#page-14-7)[36\]](#page-14-8)). Among them, the symmetric Toeplitz determinant |Tq(n)| for subclasses of S with small values of n and q, are investigated by [\[2,](#page-13-4) [7,](#page-13-5) [10,](#page-13-6) [49,](#page-15-8) [54,](#page-15-9) [58\]](#page-16-3).
The symmetric Toeplitz determinant $T_q(n)$ for analytic functions f is defined as follows:
$$T_q(n)[f] := \begin{vmatrix} a_n & a_{n+1} & \cdots & a_{n+q-1} \\ a_{n+1} & a_n & \cdots & a_{n+q-2} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ a_{n+q-1} & a_{n+q-2} & \cdots & a_n \end{vmatrix},$$
where $n, q \in \mathbb{N}$ and $a_1 = 1$ . In particular, for functions in starlike and convex classes, $T_2(2)[f]$ , $T_3(1)[f]$ and $T_3(2)[f]$ were studied by Ali et al. [7].
Let $\mathcal{B}$ be the class of analytic functions f in $\mathbb{D}$ such that |f(z)| < 1 for all $z \in \mathbb{D}$ , and let $\mathcal{B}_0 = \{f \in \mathcal{B} : f(0) = 0\}$ . In 1914, Bohr [16] proved that if $f \in \mathcal{B}$ is of the form $f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n z^n$ , then the majorant series $M_f(r) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} |a_n| |z|^n$ of f satisfies
$$M_{f_0}(r) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} |a_n| |z|^n \le 1 - |a_0| = d(f(0), \partial f(\mathbb{D}))$$
(1.6)
for all $z \in \mathbb{D}$ with $|z| = r \le 1/3$ , where $f_0(z) = f(z) - f(0)$ . Bohr actually obtained the inequality (1.6) for $|z| \le 1/6$ . Moreover, Wiener, Riesz and Schur, independently, established the Bohr inequality (1.6) for $|z| \le 1/3$ (known as Bohr radius for the class $\mathcal{B}$ ) and proved that 1/3 is the best possible.
The Bohr phenomenon was reappeared in the 1990s due to Dixon [21]. Furthermore, Boas and Khavinson [15] found bounds for Bohr's radius in any complete Reinhard domains. Other works one can see [3, 4, 14, 44, 45]. In recent years, Bohr inequality and Bohr radius have become an active research field in geometric function theory (see [6, 8, 27, 31, 38, 40, 43]). Furthermore, initiated by the work of [32], the Bohr's phenomenon for the complex-valued harmonic mappings have been widely studied (see [1, 9, 25, 26, 30, 41]).
In this paper, we aim at determining the sharp estimates for Toeplitz determinants of the class $\mathcal{M}(\alpha, \zeta, n)$ . Moreover, we will derive an improved version of Bohr's inequalities for the class $\mathcal{HC}_n(\phi)$ .
Function classes studied:
Coefficient bounds & claims (10)
Machine-extracted from the paper text - useful for cross-referencing, not a verified fact.
coefficient_bound
T2(n)[h] = |a_n^2 - a_{n+1}^2| ≤ (1/(n!) * prod_{j=2}^{n}(j-2*alpha))**2 + (1/((n+1)!) * prod_{j=2}^{n+1}(j-2*alpha))**2 for class M(alpha, zeta, n) (sharp) [Theorem 3.1]
coefficient_bound
T2(2)[g] ≤ 1/((2*n-1)*(n+1))**2 for class M(alpha, zeta, n) (sharp) [Theorem 3.1]
coefficient_bound
T2(2)[h] ≤ 2*(1-alpha)**2*(2*alpha**2-6*alpha+9)/9 for class M(alpha, zeta, 2) (sharp) [Corollary 3.1]
coefficient_bound
T2(2)[g] for n=2 ≤ 1/81 for class M(alpha, zeta, 2) (sharp) [Corollary 3.1]
coefficient_bound
M(alpha, zeta, 1): |T3(1)[h]| <= (1/9)(8alpha^4-34alpha^3+71alpha^2-72alpha+36) for -1/2<=alpha<=1/2; (1/9)(-2alpha^3+25alpha^2-44alpha+30) for 1/2<=alpha<1 (sharp) [Theorem 3.2]
coefficient_bound
T3(1)[g] ≤ 1/(3*(1-alpha)) for class M(alpha, zeta, 1) (sharp) [Theorem 3.2]
coefficient_bound
M(alpha, zeta, 2): |T3(2)[h]| <= (1/108)(1-alpha)^3(2alpha^2-7alpha+12)(10alpha^2-27alpha+36) for -1/2<=alpha<=1/7; (5/108)(1-alpha)^3(2alpha^2-7alpha+12)(2alpha^2-4alpha+7) for 1/7<=alpha<1 (sharp) [Theorem 3.3]
coefficient_bound
T3(2)[g] ≤ 1/(243*(1-alpha)) for class M(alpha, zeta, 2) (sharp) [Theorem 3.3]
function_family
Class M(alpha, zeta, n): Harmonic mappings f=h+g with h in K(alpha) and g'(z) = zeta*z^n*h'(z), |zeta| <= 1/(2n-1)
function_family
Class HCn(phi): Harmonic mappings f=h+g with h in C(phi) and g'(z) = zeta*z^n*h'(z)
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