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Abstract

We derive general formula for the fourth coefficient of the functions belonging to the Carathéodory class involving the parameters lying in the open unit disk. Further, we obtain sharp upper bounds of initial inverse coefficients for certain close-to-convex functions satisfying any one of the inequalities: $\RE((1-z)f'(z))>0,$ $\RE((1-z^2)f'(z))>0,$ $\RE((1-z+z^2)f'(z))>0$ and $\RE((1-z)^2f'(z))>0$.

Results & Lemmas (13)

Each result is auto-extracted from the paper via OCR - the math is shown verbatim and may carry occasional transcription artifacts. Click to expand the full statement.

Lemma 1.1. Lemma 1.1. [11, p.41] If p(z) is in P and is given by (1.2), then |cn|≤2 for each n.
Lemma 1.1. [11, p.41] If p(z) is in P and is given by (1.2), then |cn|≤2 for each n.
Lemma 1.2. Lemma 1.2. [11] Let p ∈P and is given by (1.2). Then c2 −c2 1 2 ≤2 −|c1|2 2. This inequality is sharp for the functions Pt,ϑ(z) given by…
Lemma 1.2. [11] Let p ∈P and is given by (1.2). Then c2 −c2 1 2 ≤2 −|c1|2 2 . This inequality is sharp for the functions Pt,ϑ(z) given by Pt,ϑ(z) = t 1 + eiϑz 1 −eiϑz  + (1 −t) 1 + ei2ϑz2 1 −ei2ϑz2 
Lemma 1.3. Lemma 1.3. [10] Let p ∈P and is given by (1.2). Then |c3 −2c1c2 + c3 1|≤2 and |c4 1 −3c2 1c2 + c2 2 + 2c1c3 −c4|≤2. This result is sharp…
Lemma 1.3. [10] Let p ∈P and is given by (1.2). Then |c3 −2c1c2 + c3 1|≤2 and |c4 1 −3c2 1c2 + c2 2 + 2c1c3 −c4|≤2. This result is sharp for the function p(z) = (1 + z)/(1 −z).
Lemma 1.4. Lemma 1.4. [3] Let Ω(A, B, C, M) = max |v|≤1(|M|(1 −|v|2) + |A + Bv + Cv2|). (1.3) If AC ≥0, then Ω(A, B, C, M) =    |A|+|B|+|C|,…
Lemma 1.4. [3] Let Ω(A, B, C, M) = max |v|≤1(|M|(1 −|v|2) + |A + Bv + Cv2|). (1.3) If AC ≥0, then Ω(A, B, C, M) =    |A|+|B|+|C|, |B|≥2(|M|−|C|), |M|+|A|+ B2 4(|M|−|C|), |B|< 2(|M|−|C|).
Lemma 1.5. Lemma 1.5. [2] If p ∈P is of the form p(z) = 1 + c1z + c2z2 + c3z3 + · · ·, then c1 = 2ζ1 c2 = 2ζ2 1 + 2(1 −|ζ1|2)ζ2 c3 = 2ζ3 1 + 4(1…
Lemma 1.5. [2] If p ∈P is of the form p(z) = 1 + c1z + c2z2 + c3z3 + · · · , then c1 = 2ζ1 c2 = 2ζ2 1 + 2(1 −|ζ1|2)ζ2 c3 = 2ζ3 1 + 4(1 −|ζ1|2)ζ1ζ2 −2(1 −|ζ1|2) ¯ζ1ζ2 2 + 2(1 −|ζ1|2)(1 −|ζ2|2)ζ3 for some ζi ∈D (i = 1, 2, 3). In view of the same, in the following section we derive the general formula for the fourth
Lemma 2.1. Lemma 2.1. If p ∈P is of the form p(z) = 1 + c1z + c2z2 + c3z3 + · · ·, then 1 2c4 = ζ4 1 + (1 −|ζ1|2)(3ζ2 1ζ2 −2ζ2 2|ζ1|2+ ¯ζ1 2ζ3 2) + ζ2…
Lemma 2.1. If p ∈P is of the form p(z) = 1 + c1z + c2z2 + c3z3 + · · · , then 1 2c4 = ζ4 1 + (1 −|ζ1|2)(3ζ2 1ζ2 −2ζ2 2|ζ1|2+ ¯ζ1 2ζ3 2) + ζ2 2(1 −|ζ1|2)2 + (1 −|ζ1|2)(1 −|ζ2|2)(2ζ1ζ3 −2 ¯ζ1ζ2ζ3 −¯ζ2ζ2 3 + (1 −|ζ3|2)ζ4) (2.1) for some ζi ∈D.
Theorem 3.1. Theorem 3.1. Let f(z) = z +a2z2 +a3z3 +... ∈F1. Then (i) |δ2|≤3/2, (ii) |δ3|≤17/6. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤49/8, (iv)…
Theorem 3.1. Let f(z) = z +a2z2 +a3z3 +. . . ∈F1. Then (i) |δ2|≤3/2, (ii) |δ3|≤17/6. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤49/8, (iv) |δ5|≤1729/120. These bounds are sharp.
Theorem 3.2. Theorem 3.2. Let f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 +... ∈F2. Then (i) |δ2|≤1. Further if a2 ∈R, then (ii) |δ3|≤1, (iii) |δ4|≤16/3 √ 15, (iv)…
Theorem 3.2. Let f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + . . . ∈F2. Then (i) |δ2|≤1. Further if a2 ∈R, then (ii) |δ3|≤1, (iii) |δ4|≤16/3 √ 15, (iv) |δ5|≤2.947584. Except (iv) rest all above bounds are sharp.
Lemma 1.1 Repeated OCR label — verify against source Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to |δ2|≤|c1| 2 ≤1. We know that this inequality is sharp, whenever |c1|= 2 which is true for the function P1,ϑ(z)…
Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to |δ2|≤|c1| 2 ≤1. We know that this inequality is sharp, whenever |c1|= 2 which is true for the function P1,ϑ(z) (0 ≤ ϑ < 2π) given in Lemma 1.2. The upper bound of |δ2| is sharp since there exists an extremal function ˆf2 ∈F2, which is the solution of z ˆf ′2(z) = z(1 −z2)−1P1,ϑ(z) (0 ≤ϑ < 2π). (ii) By taking b2 = 0 and b3 = 1 in (3.9), we get δ3 = 1 6(3c2 1 −2 −2c2). We have a2 ∈R, which together with (3.4) yields that c1 ∈R. Then by using Lemma 1.5, we have ζ1 ∈R an
Theorem 3.3. Theorem 3.3. Let f(z) = z +a2z2 +a3z3 +... ∈F3. Then (i) |δ2|≤3/2, (ii) |δ3|≤19/6. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤61/8, (iv)…
Theorem 3.3. Let f(z) = z +a2z2 +a3z3 +. . . ∈F3. Then (i) |δ2|≤3/2, (ii) |δ3|≤19/6. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤61/8, (iv) |δ5|≤2371/120. These bounds are sharp.
Lemma 1.1 Repeated OCR label — verify against source Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to 2|δ2|≤1 + |c1|≤3. We know that this inequality is sharp whenever |c1|= 2, which is true for the function…
Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to 2|δ2|≤1 + |c1|≤3. We know that this inequality is sharp whenever |c1|= 2, which is true for the function P1,ϑ(z) (0 ≤ ϑ < 2π), defined in Lemma 1.2. The inequality |δ2|≤3/2 is sharp since there exists an extremal function ˆf3 ∈F3, which is a solution of z ˆf ′3(z) = z(1 −z)−1P1,ϑ(z). (ii) By taking b2 = 1 and b3 = 0 in (3.14), we get 3|δ3|≤2 −p2 2 + −1 2 −  1 + pq + ip p 1 −q2 2 ,
Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.4. Let f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 +... ∈F4. Then (i) |δ2|≤2, (ii) |δ3|≤5. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤14, (iv) |δ5|≤42. These…
Theorem 3.4. Let f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + . . . ∈F4. Then (i) |δ2|≤2, (ii) |δ3|≤5. Further, if a2 ∈R, then (iii) |δ4|≤14, (iv) |δ5|≤42. These bounds are sharp.
Lemma 1.1 Repeated OCR label — verify against source Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to 2|δ2|≤2 + |c1|≤4. We know that this inequality is sharp whenever |c1|= 2, which is true for the function…
Lemma 1.1, (3.12) reduces to 2|δ2|≤2 + |c1|≤4. We know that this inequality is sharp whenever |c1|= 2, which is true for the function P1,ϑ(z) (0 ≤ ϑ < 2π), defined in Lemma 1.2. The inequality |δ2|≤2 is sharp since there exists an extremal function ˆf4 ∈F4, which is a solution of z ˆf ′4(z) = z(1 −z)−1P1,ϑ(z). (ii) By taking b2 = 2 and b3 = 3 in (3.14), we get 3|δ3|≤2 −p2 2 + 1 −(2 + pq + ip p 1 −q2)2 , which can be written as 3|δ3|≤2 −p2 2 + p
Function classes studied:

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