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Abstract

In the present paper, we introduce and investigate two new subclasses MSp(α,β) and MCp(α,β) of meromorphic functions. Such results as integral representations and coefficient inequalities are proved. The results presented here would provide extensions of those given in earlier works. MSC: Primary 30C45; secondary 30C80

Results & Lemmas (14)

Each result is auto-extracted from the paper via OCR - the math is shown verbatim and may carry occasional transcription artifacts. Click to expand the full statement.

Theorem 1 Theorem 1. Let. Then <span id="page-2-2"></span><span id="page-2-1"></span> where is analytic in with and. Proof For, we know that (1.6)…
Theorem 1. Let $f \in \mathcal{MS}_{p}(\alpha, \beta)$ . Then <span id="page-2-2"></span><span id="page-2-1"></span> $$f(z) = z^{-p} \cdot \exp\left(2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)e^{-i\alpha} \int_0^z \frac{\omega(t)}{t(1 - \omega(t))} dt\right) \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}^*), \tag{2.1}$$ where $\omega$ is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$ with $\omega(0) = 0$ and $|\omega(z)| < 1$ . Proof For $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ , we know that (1.6) holds true. It follows that $$-e^{i\alpha}\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} = pe^{i\alpha} - \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)\omega(z)}{1 - \omega(z)},\tag{2.2}$$ where $\omega$ is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$ with $\omega(0) = 0$ and $|\omega(z)| < 1$ . We next find from (2.2) that $$\frac{f'(z)}{f(z)} + \frac{p}{z} = \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)e^{-i\alpha}\omega(z)}{z(1 - \omega(z))} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}^*), \tag{2.3}$$ which, upon integration, yields <span id="page-3-0"></span> $$\log(z^p f(z)) = 2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)e^{-i\alpha} \int_0^z \frac{\omega(t)}{t(1-\omega(t))} dt.$$ (2.4) The assertion (2.1) of Theorem 1 can be easily derived from (2.4). Note that $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ if and only if $$-\frac{zf'(z)}{p}\in\mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha,\beta),$$ we get the following result.
Corollary 1 · coeff Corollary 1. Let. Then <span id="page-3-4"></span>where is analytic in with and. Next, we discuss the coefficient estimates of functions…
Corollary 1. Let $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ . Then $$f(z) = -p \int_{z_0}^z u^{-p-1} \cdot \exp\left(2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)e^{-i\alpha} \int_0^u \frac{\omega(t)}{t(1-\omega(t))} dt\right) du \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}^*),$$ <span id="page-3-4"></span>where $\omega$ is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$ with $\omega(0) = 0$ and $|\omega(z)| < 1$ . Next, we discuss the coefficient estimates of functions belonging to the classes $\mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha,\beta)$ and $\mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha,\beta)$ . The following lemma will be required in the proof of Theorem 2.
Lemma 1 Lemma 1. Let. Suppose also that the sequence is defined by <span id="page-3-1"></span> (2.5) Then <span id="page-3-2"></span> Proof By…
Lemma 1. Let $p \in \mathbb{N}$ . Suppose also that the sequence $\{A_{p+m}\}_{m=0}^{\infty}$ is defined by <span id="page-3-1"></span> $$\begin{cases} A_{p} = \frac{\beta - p \cos \alpha}{p} & (m = 0), \\ A_{p+m} = \frac{2(\beta - p \cos \alpha)}{2p + m} (1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} A_{p+k}) & (m \in \mathbb{N}). \end{cases}$$ (2.5) Then <span id="page-3-2"></span> $$A_{p+m} = \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha} \prod_{k=0}^{m} \frac{2\beta + k + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + k}$$ $$(m \in \mathbb{N}_0 := \mathbb{N} \cup \{0\}). \tag{2.6}$$ Proof By virtue of (2.5), we get <span id="page-3-3"></span> $$(2p+m+1)A_{p+m+1} = 2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)\left(1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m} A_{p+k}\right),\tag{2.7}$$ and $$(2p+m)A_{p+m} = 2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)\left(1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} A_{p+k}\right).$$ (2.8) Combining (2.7) and (2.8), we find that $$\frac{A_{p+m+1}}{A_{p+m}} = \frac{2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + m + 1} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0).$$ (2.9) <span id="page-4-4"></span><span id="page-4-1"></span> Thus, <span id="page-4-0"></span> $$A_{p+m} = \frac{A_{p+m}}{A_{p+m-1}} \cdot \frac{A_{p+m-1}}{A_{p+m-2}} \cdot \cdot \cdot \frac{A_{p+1}}{A_p} \cdot A_p$$ $$= \frac{2\beta + m - 1 + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + m} \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \frac{2\beta + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + 1} \cdot \cdot \frac{2\beta - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p}$$ $$= \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha} \prod_{k=0}^{m} \frac{2\beta + k + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + k} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}).$$ (2.10) The proof of Lemma 1 is thus completed.
Theorem 2 · coeff Theorem 2. Let. Then (2.11) Proof Let We know that. It follows that Suppose that (2.14) Then <span id="page-4-2"></span> By evaluating the…
Theorem 2. Let $f(z) = z^{-p} + \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} a_{p+m} z^{p+m} \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ . Then $$|a_{p+m}| \le \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha} \prod_{k=0}^{m} \frac{2\beta + k + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + k} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0).$$ (2.11) Proof Let $$h(z) := \frac{\beta + e^{i\alpha} \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + ip \sin \alpha}{\beta - p \cos \alpha} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}; f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)). \tag{2.12}$$ We know that $h \in \mathcal{P}$ . It follows that $$e^{i\alpha}zf'(z) = (\beta - p\cos\alpha)f(z)h(z) - (\beta + ip\sin\alpha)f(z). \tag{2.13}$$ Suppose that $$h(z) = 1 + h_1 z + h_2 z^2 + \cdots$$ (2.14) Then <span id="page-4-2"></span> $$e^{i\alpha} \left( -pz^{-p} + pa_p z^p + (p+1)a_{p+1} z^{p+1} + \dots + (p+m)a_{p+m} z^{p+m} + \dots \right)$$ $$= (\beta - p\cos\alpha) \left( z^{-p} + a_p z^p + a_{p+1} z^{p+1} + \dots \right) \times \left( 1 + h_1 z + h_2 z^2 + \dots \right)$$ $$- (\beta + ip\sin\alpha) \left( z^{-p} + a_p z^p + a_{p+1} z^{p+1} + \dots + a_{p+m} z^{p+m} + \dots \right). \tag{2.15}$$ By evaluating the coefficient of $z^{p+m}$ on both sides of (2.15), we get <span id="page-4-3"></span> $$e^{i\alpha}(p+m)a_{p+m} = (\beta - p\cos\alpha)(h_{2p+m} + a_ph_m + a_{p+1}h_{m-1} + \dots + a_{p+m})$$ $$-(\beta + ip\sin\alpha)a_{p+m}. \tag{2.16}$$ On the other hand, it is well known that $$|h_k| \le 2 \quad (k \in \mathbb{N}). \tag{2.17}$$ From (2.16) and (2.17), we easily get $$|a_p| \le \frac{\beta - p\cos\alpha}{p} \tag{2.18}$$ and <span id="page-5-2"></span><span id="page-5-0"></span> $$|a_{p+m}| \le \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2p + m} \left(1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} |a_{p+k}|\right). \tag{2.19}$$ Suppose that $p \in \mathbb{N}$ . We define the sequence $\{A_{p+m}\}_{m=0}^{\infty}$ as follows: $$\begin{cases} A_p = \frac{\beta - p \cos \alpha}{p} & (m = 0), \\ A_{p+m} = \frac{2(\beta - p \cos \alpha)}{2p + m} (1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} A_{p+k}) & (m \ge 1). \end{cases}$$ (2.20) In order to prove that $$|a_{p+m}| \le A_{p+m} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0), \tag{2.21}$$ we use the principle of mathematical induction. It is easy to verify that <span id="page-5-1"></span> $$|a_p| \le A_p = \frac{\beta - p\cos\alpha}{p}.\tag{2.22}$$ Thus, assuming that $$|a_{p+j}| \le A_{p+j} \quad (j=0,1,\ldots,m; m \in \mathbb{N}_0),$$ (2.23) we find from (2.19) and (2.23) that <span id="page-5-3"></span> $$|a_{p+m+1}| \leq \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2p + m + 1} \left( 1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m} |a_{p+k}| \right)$$ $$\leq \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2p + m + 1} \left( 1 + \sum_{k=0}^{m} |A_{p+k}| \right)$$ $$= A_{p+m+1} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0). \tag{2.24}$$ Therefore, by the principle of mathematical induction, we have <span id="page-5-4"></span> $$|a_{n+m}| \le A_{n+m} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0).$$ (2.25) By means of Lemma 1 and (2.20), we know that $$A_{p+m} = \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha} \prod_{k=0}^{m} \frac{2\beta + k + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + k} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0).$$ (2.26) Combining (2.25) and (2.26), we readily get the coefficient estimates (2.11) asserted by Theorem 2. $\Box$ From Theorem 2, we easily get the following result.
Corollary 2 Corollary 2. Let. Then <span id="page-6-0"></span> Remark 3 By setting in Theorem 2, we get the corresponding result due to Wang et al. [1].
Corollary 2. Let $f(z) = z^{-p} + \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} a_{p+m} z^{p+m} \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ . Then <span id="page-6-0"></span> $$|a_{p+m}| \leq \frac{2p(\beta - p\cos\alpha)}{(p+m)(2\beta + m + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha)} \prod_{k=0}^{m} \frac{2\beta + k + 2p - 2p\cos\alpha}{2p + k} \quad (m \in \mathbb{N}_0).$$ Remark 3 By setting $\alpha = 0$ in Theorem 2, we get the corresponding result due to Wang et al. [1].
Theorem 3 Theorem 3. If, then (2.27) for |z| = r < 1. Proof Consider the function defined by Let (0 < r < 1), we see that (2.29) Suppose we easily…
Theorem 3. If $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ , then $$\frac{p\cos\alpha - (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 - r} \le \Re\left(-e^{i\alpha}\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\right) \le \frac{p\cos\alpha + (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 + r}$$ (2.27) for |z| = r < 1. Proof Consider the function $\varphi$ defined by $$\varphi(z) := \frac{pe^{i\alpha} - (2\beta - pe^{-i\alpha})z}{1 - z} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}).$$ $$(2.28)$$ Let $z = re^{i\theta}$ (0 < r < 1), we see that $$\Re(\varphi(z)) = p\cos\alpha - \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)r(\cos\theta - r)}{1 + r^2 - 2r\cos\theta}.$$ (2.29) Suppose $$\psi(t) := p \cos \alpha - \frac{2(\beta - p \cos \alpha)r(t - r)}{1 + r^2 - 2rt} \quad (t := \cos \theta), \tag{2.30}$$ we easily find that $$\psi'(t) = -2(\beta - p\cos\alpha) \cdot \frac{1 - r^2}{(1 + r^2 - 2rt)^2} > 0.$$ (2.31) This implies $$p\cos\alpha - \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 - r} \le \Re(\varphi(z)) \le p\cos\alpha + \frac{2(\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 + r},$$ (2.32) which is equivalent to $$\frac{p\cos\alpha - (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 - r} \le \Re(\varphi(z)) \le \frac{p\cos\alpha + (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 - r}.$$ (2.33) Noting that $-e^{i\alpha}\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\prec \varphi(z)$ and $\varphi(z)$ is univalent in $\mathbb U$ , we prove the inequality (2.27). Taking $\alpha = 0$ in Theorem 3, we have the following corollary.
Corollary 3 Corollary 3. If, then for |z| = r < 1. Similar to the proof of Theorem 3, we get the following result.
Corollary 3. If $f \in \mathcal{MS}_{p}(0, \beta)$ , then $$\frac{p - (2\beta - p)r}{1 - r} \le \Re\left(\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\right) \le \frac{p + (2\beta - p)r}{1 + r}$$ for |z| = r < 1. Similar to the proof of Theorem 3, we get the following result.
Corollary 4 Corollary 4. If, then for |z| = r < 1.
Corollary 4. If $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ , then $$\frac{p\cos\alpha - (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 - r} \le \Re\left(-e^{i\alpha}\left(1 + \frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\right)\right) \le \frac{p\cos\alpha + (2\beta - p\cos\alpha)r}{1 + r}$$ for |z| = r < 1.
Corollary 5 Corollary 5. If, then <span id="page-7-0"></span> <span id="page-7-3"></span>for |z| = r < 1. Now, we present some sufficient conditions…
Corollary 5. If $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(0, \beta)$ , then <span id="page-7-0"></span> $$\frac{p - (2\beta - p)r}{1 - r} \le \Re\left(1 + \frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\right) \le \frac{p + (2\beta - p)r}{1 + r}$$ <span id="page-7-3"></span>for |z| = r < 1. Now, we present some sufficient conditions for functions belonging to the classes $\mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ and $\mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ .
Theorem 4 · coeff Theorem 4. If satisfies the condition <span id="page-7-2"></span> (2.34) for some real, and ( ), then. Proof To prove, it suffices to show…
Theorem 4. If $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ satisfies the condition <span id="page-7-2"></span> $$\sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} (\left| ne^{i\alpha} + \lambda \right| + \left| ne^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda \right|) |a_n| \le \left| pe^{i\alpha} - 2\beta + \lambda \right| - \left| pe^{i\alpha} - \lambda \right|$$ (2.34) for some real $\alpha$ , $\beta$ and $\lambda$ ( $0 \le \lambda \le p \cos \alpha$ ), then $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ . Proof To prove $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ , it suffices to show that <span id="page-7-1"></span> $$\left| \frac{e^{i\alpha} \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + \lambda}{e^{i\alpha} \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + (2\beta - \lambda)} \right| < 1 \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}; 0 \le \lambda \le p \cos \alpha). \tag{2.35}$$ From (2.34), we know that $$\left| p e^{i\alpha} - 2\beta + \lambda \right| - \sum_{n=1-n}^{\infty} \left| n e^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda \right| |a_n| \ge \left| p e^{i\alpha} - \lambda \right| + \sum_{n=1-n}^{\infty} \left| n e^{i\alpha} + \lambda \right| |a_n| > 0. \quad (2.36)$$ Now, by the maximum modulus principle, we deduce from (1.1) and (2.36) that $$\left| \frac{e^{i\alpha} \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + \lambda}{e^{i\alpha} \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + (2\beta - \lambda)} \right| = \left| \frac{(-pe^{i\alpha} + \lambda) + \sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} (ne^{i\alpha} + \lambda) a_n z^{n+p}}{(-pe^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda) + \sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} (ne^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda) a_n z^{n+p}} \right| < \frac{|pe^{i\alpha} - \lambda| + \sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} |ne^{i\alpha} + \lambda| |a_n|}{|pe^{i\alpha} - 2\beta + \lambda| - \sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} |ne^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda| |a_n|} \leq 1.$$ (2.37) Therefore, if f satisfies the coefficient estimate (2.34), then we know that f satisfies the inequality (2.35). This completes the proof of Theorem 4.
Corollary 6 · coeff Corollary 6. If satisfies the inequality <span id="page-8-4"></span> for some real, and ( ), then. We need the following lemma to prove our…
Corollary 6. If $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ satisfies the inequality <span id="page-8-4"></span> $$\sum_{n=1-p}^{\infty} |n| (\left| ne^{i\alpha} + \lambda \right| + \left| ne^{i\alpha} + 2\beta - \lambda \right|) |a_n| \leq p (\left| pe^{i\alpha} - 2\beta + \lambda \right| - \left| pe^{i\alpha} - \lambda \right|)$$ for some real $\alpha$ , $\beta$ and $\lambda$ ( $0 \le \lambda \le p \cos \alpha$ ), then $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ . We need the following lemma to prove our next theorem.
Lemma 2 Lemma 2. (See [11]) Let be a nonconstant regular function in. If attains its maximum value on the circle |z| = r < 1 at, then <span…
Lemma 2. (See [11]) Let $\varphi$ be a nonconstant regular function in $\mathbb{U}$ . If $|\varphi|$ attains its maximum value on the circle |z| = r < 1 at $z_0$ , then <span id="page-8-2"></span> $$z_0\varphi'(z_0)=k\varphi(z_0),$$ where $k \ge 1$ is a real number.
Theorem 5 Theorem 5. If satisfies <span id="page-8-0"></span> for some real, then. Proof Let us define the function by <span id="page-8-1"></span>…
Theorem 5. If $f \in \mathcal{MS}_{p}(0, \beta)$ satisfies <span id="page-8-0"></span> $$\left|1 + \frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)} - \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\right| < \frac{\beta - p}{2\beta} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U})$$ for some real $\beta > p$ , then $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(0, \beta)$ . Proof Let us define the function $\phi$ by <span id="page-8-1"></span> $$\phi(z) := \frac{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + p}{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + 2\beta - p} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}), \tag{2.39}$$ then we see that $\phi$ is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$ and $\phi(0) = 0$ . It follows from (2.39) that <span id="page-8-3"></span> $$\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} = \frac{-p + (2\beta - p)\phi(z)}{1 - \phi(z)}. (2.40)$$ Differentiating both sides of (2.40) logarithmically, we obtain $$1 + \frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)} - \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} = \frac{(2\beta - p)z\phi'(z)}{-p + (2\beta - p)\phi(z)} + \frac{z\phi'(z)}{1 - \phi(z)}.$$ (2.41) <span id="page-9-0"></span> By virtue of (2.38) and (2.41), we find that $$\left| 1 + \frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)} - \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} \right| = \left| \frac{2(\beta - p)z\phi'(z)}{[-p + (2\beta - p)\phi(z)][1 - \phi(z)]} \right| < \frac{\beta - p}{2\beta}. \tag{2.42}$$ Suppose that there exists a point $z_0 \in \mathbb{U}$ such that $$\max_{|z| \le |z_0|} \left| \phi(z) \right| = \left| \phi(z_0) \right| = 1.$$ Then, Lemma 2 gives us that $\phi(z_0) = e^{i\theta}$ and $z_0\phi'(z_0) = ke^{i\theta}$ $(k \ge 1)$ . For such a point $z_0$ , we have that $$\left| 1 + \frac{z_0 f''(z_0)}{f'(z_0)} - \frac{z_0 f'(z_0)}{f(z_0)} \right| = \left| \frac{2(\beta - p)k e^{i\theta}}{[-p + (2\beta - p)e^{i\theta}][1 - e^{i\theta}]} \right| = \frac{2(\beta - p)k}{\sqrt{p^2 + (2\beta - p)^2 - 2p(2\beta - p)\cos\theta} \sqrt{2 - 2\cos\theta}} \ge \frac{\beta - p}{2\beta}.$$ (2.43) <span id="page-9-1"></span>This contradicts our condition (2.38). Therefore, there is no $z_0 \in \mathbb{U}$ such that $|\phi(z_0)| = 1$ . This implies that $|\phi(z)| < 1$ ( $z \in \mathbb{U}^*$ ), that is, $$\left|\frac{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}+p}{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}+(2\beta-p)}\right|<1\quad (z\in\mathbb{U}).$$ Thus, we conclude that $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(0, \beta)$ .
Theorem 6 Theorem 6. If for some real, then Proof Consider the function such that for and. Then we know that Since is analytic in and, we suppose…
Theorem 6. If $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(0,\beta)$ for some real $p < \beta \leq p + \frac{1}{2}$ , then $$\Re\left(\frac{1}{z^p f(z)}\right) > \frac{1}{1 - 2\beta + 2p} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}). \tag{2.44}$$ Proof Consider the function $\eta$ such that $$\frac{1}{z^p f(z)} = \frac{1 + (1 - 2\gamma)\eta(z)}{1 - \eta(z)} \tag{2.45}$$ for $\gamma = \frac{1}{1-2\beta+2p}$ and $f(z) \in \mathcal{MS}_p(0,\beta)$ . Then we know that $$\Re\left(-\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\right) = \Re\left(p + \frac{(1 - 2\gamma)z\eta'(z)}{1 + (1 - 2\gamma)\eta(z)} + \frac{z\eta'(z)}{1 - \eta(z)}\right) < \beta. \tag{2.46}$$ Since $\eta(z)$ is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$ and $\eta(0) = 0$ , we suppose that there exists a point $z_0 \in \mathbb{U}$ such that $$\max_{|z| \le |z_0|} \left| \eta(z) \right| = \left| \eta(z_0) \right| = 1.$$ Then, applying Lemma 2, we can write that $\eta(z_0) = e^{i\theta}$ and $z_0 \eta'(z_0) = k e^{i\theta}$ $(k \ge 1)$ . This gives us that $$\Re\left(-\frac{z_0 f'(z_0)}{f(z_0)}\right) = \Re\left(p + \frac{(1 - 2\gamma)ke^{i\theta}}{1 + (1 - 2\gamma)e^{i\theta}} + \frac{ke^{i\theta}}{1 - e^{i\theta}}\right)$$ $$\geq p - \frac{(1 - 2\gamma)k}{2\gamma} - \frac{k}{2}$$ $$\geq p + \frac{\gamma - 1}{2\gamma} = \beta,$$ (2.47) which contradicts the inequality (2.46). Therefore, there is no $z_0 \in \mathbb{U}$ such that $|\eta(z_0)| = 1$ . This means that $|\eta(z)| < 1$ , and that $$\Re\left(\frac{1}{z^p f(z)}\right) > \frac{1}{1 - 2\beta + 2p} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}). \tag{2.48}$$ The proof of Theorem 6 is thus completed. In view of Theorem 6, we get the following result. Corollary 7 If $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(0,\beta)$ for some real $p < \beta \leq p + \frac{1}{2}$ , then $$\Re\left(\frac{p}{z^{p+1}f'(z)}\right) > \frac{1}{1 - 2\beta + 2p} \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}).$$

Definitions (1)

Def 1 Definition 1. A function is said to be in the class if it satisfies the condition (1.4) for some real and, where (and throughout this paper…
Definition 1. A function $f \in \Sigma_p$ is said to be in the class $\mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ if it satisfies the condition $$\Re\left(e^{i\alpha}\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\right) > -\beta \quad (z \in \mathbb{U})$$ (1.4) for some real $\alpha$ and $\beta$ , where (and throughout this paper unless otherwise mentioned) the parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are constrained as follows: $$|\alpha| < \frac{\pi}{2}$$ and $\beta > p \cos \alpha$ . Furthermore, a function $f \in \Sigma_p$ is said to be in the class $\mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ if it satisfies the inequality <span id="page-2-0"></span> $$\Re\left(e^{i\alpha}\left(1+\frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\right)\right) > -\beta \quad (z \in \mathbb{U}). \tag{1.5}$$ Remark 1 Taking $\alpha = 0$ , we get the function classes introduced by Wang et al. [1]. Remark 2 We note that $f \in \mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ if and only if $$-e^{i\alpha}\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} < \frac{pe^{i\alpha} - (2\beta - pe^{-i\alpha})z}{1 - z}.$$ (1.6) Also, $f \in \mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ if and only if $$-e^{i\alpha}\left(1+\frac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\right) \prec \frac{pe^{i\alpha}-2(\beta-pe^{-i\alpha})z}{1-z}.$$ (1.7) For some investigations of meromorphic functions, see (for example) the works [1, 3-10] and the references cited in. <span id="page-2-3"></span>In the present paper, we aim at proving some interesting properties such as integral representations and coefficient inequalities of the function classes $\mathcal{MS}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ and $\mathcal{MC}_p(\alpha, \beta)$ .
Function classes studied:

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Schwarzian Norm Estimates for Analytic Functions Associated with Convex Function
2025
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